Batu raksasa terbesar kedua yang menghalangi segala Program Millenium Development Goals dapat digambarkan dalam presentasi berikut :
CORRUPTION HAS BEEN THREAT FOR ALL COUNTRY IN THE WORLD
Selama ini perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi berkembang dengan sangat pesat khususnya selama kurun waktu 20 tahun terakhir dimana perkembangan Teknologi Informasi membawa perubahan yang luar biasa di dalam kehidupan umat manusia. Dimanapun manusia berada teknologi selalu ada di samping kegiatan manusia tersebut.
Namun hal ini tidak diimbangi oleh pembangunan mental dan moral manusia itu sendiri. Pendidikan moral dan mental manusia khususnya dalam pendidikan anti korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme berkembang dengan sangat lambat dan tertinggal jauh di belakang. Serlama ini pembangunan jauh tidak seimbang dengan menekankan pembangunan di luar diri manusia tanpa memperhatikan pembangunan mental dan moral di dalam diri manusia itu sendiri. Hal ini terlihat jelas dengan sangat buruknya potret mental dan moral yang anti korupsi di dalam tatanan global dunia yang diperlihatkan oleh data-data korupsi di seluruh dunia yang lebih dari setengahnya masih dibawah angka 5 (skala 10).
Pencapaian Millenium Development Goals yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi lebih dari separuh orang-orang yang menderita akibat kelaparan, menjamin semua anak untuk menyelesaikan pendidikan dasarnya, mengentaskan kesenjangan jender pada semua tingkat pendidikan, mengurangi kematian anak balita hingga 2/3 , dan mengurangi hingga separuh jumlah orang yang tidak memiliki akses air bersih pada tahun 2015 - sangat ditentukan oleh seberapa bersih dan seberapa kuat mental dan moral penduduk global dalam bekerja dalam masyarakat dan negaranya masing-masing.
Sangatlah sulit mencapai tingkat standar yang diharapkan terhadap berkurangnya penduduk miskin, tercapainya tingkat karbon yang minim sesuai target konferensi iklim di dalam Protokol Kyoto, berkurangnya orang kelaparan di seluruh dunia, bertambah banyaknya jumlah lapangan pekerjaan, meningkatnya taraf kesehatan ibu dan anak, semakin banyaknya orang yang bisa menikmati air bersih dan sejumlah banyak target global lainnya apabila Tingkat Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme secara global tidak dikurangi dengan signifikan.
Tantangan terbesar kedua dalam Pembangunan Masyarakat Global yang berkelanjutan sangat ditentukan oleh pembangunan mental dan moral masyarakat yang anti terhadap korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme yang berkelanjutan yang konsekuen di seluruh dunia.
Oleh karena itu sudah selayaknya untuk mendukung target-targe Pembangunan Global melalui MDG, Konferensi Perbaikan Ikllim, dan sejumlah pembangunan global lainnya maka Kurikulum Anti Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme dimasukkan ke dalam pendidikan sekolah dari sekolah dasar hinga pendidikan tinggi secara berkesinambungan selama puluhan tahun ke depan di dalam tatanan global. Sehingga hal ini sangat diharapkan dapat mengikis krisis korupsi dengan pembangunan mental dan moral individu yang antikorupsi. Karena korupsi sudah menjadi momok dan kanker yang akut bagi Pembangunan Masyarakat Global secara berkesinambungan dan konsekuen.
Pencapaian mental dan moral masyarakat global yang anti terhadap Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme diharapkan dapat mengurangi penderitaan bangsa-bangsa di dunia dalam kemiskinan yang meraja lela, kelaparan umat manunua, meningkatnya jumlah buta huruf, mengurangi penduduk dunia yang tidak mempunyai rumah, berkurangnya fasilitas umum global yang mudah rusak dan sejumlah pembangunan global lainnya.
Secara singkat, dalam mendukung Millenium Development Goals saya menganjurkan agar United Nations (Persatuan Bangsa-Bangsa) perlu memberlakukan suatu perjanjian internasional yang mengikat anggotanya dalam menerapkan pendidikan anti korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme ke dalam kurikulum pendidikan setiap negara secara berkesinambungan dan konsekuen selama puluhan tahun ke depan. Niscaya hal ini akan dapat membentuk mental masyarakat global menjadi resistan terhadap krisis mental korupsi dan dapat menciptakan suatu tatanan global yang baik guna terwujudnya tujuan-tujuang yang ada dalam Millenium Development Goals.
Corruption threatens global economic recovery, greatly challenges countries in conflict
Berlin, 17 November 2009
As the world economy begins to register a tentative recovery and some nations continue to wrestle with ongoing conflict and insecurity, it is clear that no region of the world is immune to the perils of corruption, according to Transparency International’s 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), a measure of domestic, public sector corruption released today.
“At a time when massive stimulus packages, fast-track disbursements of public funds and attempts to secure peace are being implemented around the world, it is essential to identify where corruption blocks good governance and accountability, in order to break its corrosive cycle” said Huguette Labelle, Chair of Transparency International (TI).
The vast majority of the 180 countries included in the 2009 index score below five on a scale from 0 (perceived to be highly corrupt) to 10 (perceived to have low levels of corruption). The CPI measures the perceived levels of public sector corruption in a given country and is a composite index, drawing on 13 different expert and business surveys. The 2009 edition scores 180 countries, the same number as the 2008 CPI.
Fragile, unstable states that are scarred by war and ongoing conflict linger at the bottom of the index. These are: Somalia, with a score of 1.1, Afghanistan at 1.3, Myanmar at 1.4 and Sudan tied with Iraq at 1.5. These results demonstrate that countries which are perceived as the most corrupt are also those plagued by long-standing conflicts, which have torn apart their governance infrastructure.
When essential institutions are weak or non-existent, corruption spirals out of control and the plundering of public resources feeds insecurity and impunity. Corruption also makes normal a seeping loss of trust in the very institutions and nascent governments charged with ensuring survival and stability.
Countries at the bottom of the index cannot be shut out from development efforts. Instead, what the index points to is the need to strengthen their institutions. Investors and donors should be equally vigilant of their operations and as accountable for their own actions as they are in demanding transparency and accountability from beneficiary countries.
“Stemming corruption requires strong oversight by parliaments, a well performing judiciary, independent and properly resourced audit and anti-corruption agencies, vigorous law enforcement, transparency in public budgets, revenue and aid flows, as well as space for independent media and a vibrant civil society,” said Labelle. “The international community must find efficient ways to help war-torn countries to develop and sustain their own institutions.”
Highest scorers in the 2009 CPI are New Zealand at 9.4, Denmark at 9.3, Singapore and Sweden tied at 9.2 and Switzerland at 9.0. These scores reflect political stability, long-established conflict of interest regulations and solid, functioning public institutions.
Overall results in the 2009 index are of great concern because corruption continues to lurk where opacity rules, where institutions still need strengthening and where governments have not implemented anti-corruption legal frameworks.
Even industrialised countries cannot be complacent: the supply of bribery and the facilitation of corruption often involve businesses based in their countries. Financial secrecy jurisdictions, linked to many countries that top the CPI, severely undermine efforts to tackle corruption and recover stolen assets.
“Corrupt money must not find safe haven. It is time to put an end to excuses,” said Labelle. “The OECD’s work in this area is welcome, but there must be more bilateral treaties on information exchange to fully end the secrecy regime. At the same time, companies must cease operating in renegade financial centres.”
Bribery, cartels and other corrupt practices undermine competition and contribute to massive loss of resources for development in all countries, especially the poorest ones. Between 1990 and 2005, more than 283 private international cartels were exposed that cost consumers around the world an estimated US $300 billion in overcharges, as documented in a recent TI report.
With the vast majority of countries in the 2009 index scoring below five, the corruption challenge is undeniable. The Group of 20 has made strong commitments to ensure that integrity and transparency form the cornerstone of a newfound regulatory structure. As the G20 tackles financial sector and economic reforms, it is critical to address corruption as a substantial threat to a sustainable economic future. The G20 must also remain committed to gaining public support for essential reforms by making institutions such as the Financial Stability Board and decisions about investments in infrastructure, transparent and open to civil society input.
Globally and nationally, institutions of oversight and legal frameworks that are actually enforced, coupled with smarter, more effective regulation, will ensure lower levels of corruption. This will lead to a much needed increase of trust in public institutions, sustained economic growth and more effective development assistance. Most importantly, it will alleviate the enormous scale of human suffering in the countries that perform most poorly in the Corruption Perceptions Index.
Source : http://www.transparency.org/news_room/latest_news/press_releases/2009/2009_11_17_cpi2009_en
| Rank | Country/Territory | CPI 2009 Score | Surveys Used | Confidence Range |
| 1 | New Zealand | 9.4 | 6 | 9.1 - 9.5 |
| 2 | Denmark | 9.3 | 6 | 9.1 - 9.5 |
| 3 | Singapore | 9.2 | 9 | 9.0 - 9.4 |
| 3 | Sweden | 9.2 | 6 | 9.0 - 9.3 |
| 5 | Switzerland | 9.0 | 6 | 8.9 - 9.1 |
| 6 | Finland | 8.9 | 6 | 8.4 - 9.4 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 8.9 | 6 | 8.7 - 9.0 |
| 8 | Australia | 8.7 | 8 | 8.3 - 9.0 |
| 8 | Canada | 8.7 | 6 | 8.5 - 9.0 |
| 8 | Iceland | 8.7 | 4 | 7.5 - 9.4 |
| 11 | Norway | 8.6 | 6 | 8.2 - 9.1 |
| 12 | Hong Kong | 8.2 | 8 | 7.9 - 8.5 |
| 12 | Luxembourg | 8.2 | 6 | 7.6 - 8.8 |
| 14 | Germany | 8.0 | 6 | 7.7 - 8.3 |
| 14 | Ireland | 8.0 | 6 | 7.8 - 8.4 |
| 16 | Austria | 7.9 | 6 | 7.4 - 8.3 |
| 17 | Japan | 7.7 | 8 | 7.4 - 8.0 |
| 17 | United Kingdom | 7.7 | 6 | 7.3 - 8.2 |
| 19 | United States | 7.5 | 8 | 6.9 - 8.0 |
| 20 | Barbados | 7.4 | 4 | 6.6 - 8.2 |
| 21 | Belgium | 7.1 | 6 | 6.9 - 7.3 |
| 22 | Qatar | 7.0 | 6 | 5.8 - 8.1 |
| 22 | Saint Lucia | 7.0 | 3 | 6.7 - 7.5 |
| 24 | France | 6.9 | 6 | 6.5 - 7.3 |
| 25 | Chile | 6.7 | 7 | 6.5 - 6.9 |
| 25 | Uruguay | 6.7 | 5 | 6.4 - 7.1 |
| 27 | Cyprus | 6.6 | 4 | 6.1 - 7.1 |
| 27 | Estonia | 6.6 | 8 | 6.1 - 6.9 |
| 27 | Slovenia | 6.6 | 8 | 6.3 - 6.9 |
| 30 | United Arab Emirates | 6.5 | 5 | 5.5 - 7.5 |
| 31 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 6.4 | 3 | 4.9 - 7.5 |
| 32 | Israel | 6.1 | 6 | 5.4 - 6.7 |
| 32 | Spain | 6.1 | 6 | 5.5 - 6.6 |
| 34 | Dominica | 5.9 | 3 | 4.9 - 6.7 |
| 35 | Portugal | 5.8 | 6 | 5.5 - 6.2 |
| 35 | Puerto Rico | 5.8 | 4 | 5.2 - 6.3 |
| 37 | Botswana | 5.6 | 6 | 5.1 - 6.3 |
| 37 | Taiwan | 5.6 | 9 | 5.4 - 5.9 |
| 39 | Brunei Darussalam | 5.5 | 4 | 4.7 - 6.4 |
| 39 | Oman | 5.5 | 5 | 4.4 - 6.5 |
| 39 | Korea (South) | 5.5 | 9 | 5.3 - 5.7 |
| 42 | Mauritius | 5.4 | 6 | 5.0 - 5.9 |
| 43 | Costa Rica | 5.3 | 5 | 4.7 - 5.9 |
| 43 | Macau | 5.3 | 3 | 3.3 - 6.9 |
| 45 | Malta | 5.2 | 4 | 4.0 - 6.2 |
| 46 | Bahrain | 5.1 | 5 | 4.2 - 5.8 |
| 46 | Cape Verde | 5.1 | 3 | 3.3 - 7.0 |
| 46 | Hungary | 5.1 | 8 | 4.6 - 5.7 |
| 49 | Bhutan | 5.0 | 4 | 4.3 - 5.6 |
| 49 | Jordan | 5.0 | 7 | 3.9 - 6.1 |
| 49 | Poland | 5.0 | 8 | 4.5 - 5.5 |
| 52 | Czech Republic | 4.9 | 8 | 4.3 - 5.6 |
| 52 | Lithuania | 4.9 | 8 | 4.4 - 5.4 |
| 54 | Seychelles | 4.8 | 3 | 3.0 - 6.7 |
| 55 | South Africa | 4.7 | 8 | 4.3 - 4.9 |
| 56 | Latvia | 4.5 | 6 | 4.1 - 4.9 |
| 56 | Malaysia | 4.5 | 9 | 4.0 - 5.1 |
| 56 | Namibia | 4.5 | 6 | 3.9 - 5.1 |
| 56 | Samoa | 4.5 | 3 | 3.3 - 5.3 |
| 56 | Slovakia | 4.5 | 8 | 4.1 - 4.9 |
| 61 | Cuba | 4.4 | 3 | 3.5 - 5.1 |
| 61 | Turkey | 4.4 | 7 | 3.9 - 4.9 |
| 63 | Italy | 4.3 | 6 | 3.8 - 4.9 |
| 63 | Saudi Arabia | 4.3 | 5 | 3.1 - 5.3 |
| 65 | Tunisia | 4.2 | 6 | 3.0 - 5.5 |
| 66 | Croatia | 4.1 | 8 | 3.7 - 4.5 |
| 66 | Georgia | 4.1 | 7 | 3.4 - 4.7 |
| 66 | Kuwait | 4.1 | 5 | 3.2 - 5.1 |
| 69 | Ghana | 3.9 | 7 | 3.2 - 4.6 |
| 69 | Montenegro | 3.9 | 5 | 3.5 - 4.4 |
| 71 | Bulgaria | 3.8 | 8 | 3.2 - 4.5 |
| 71 | FYR Macedonia | 3.8 | 6 | 3.4 - 4.2 |
| 71 | Greece | 3.8 | 6 | 3.2 - 4.3 |
| 71 | Romania | 3.8 | 8 | 3.2 - 4.3 |
| 75 | Brazil | 3.7 | 7 | 3.3 - 4.3 |
| 75 | Colombia | 3.7 | 7 | 3.1 - 4.3 |
| 75 | Peru | 3.7 | 7 | 3.4 - 4.1 |
| 75 | Suriname | 3.7 | 3 | 3.0 - 4.7 |
| 79 | Burkina Faso | 3.6 | 7 | 2.8 - 4.4 |
| 79 | China | 3.6 | 9 | 3.0 - 4.2 |
| 79 | Swaziland | 3.6 | 3 | 3.0 - 4.7 |
| 79 | Trinidad and Tobago | 3.6 | 4 | 3.0 - 4.3 |
| 83 | Serbia | 3.5 | 6 | 3.3 - 3.9 |
| 84 | El Salvador | 3.4 | 5 | 3.0 - 3.8 |
| 84 | Guatemala | 3.4 | 5 | 3.0 - 3.9 |
| 84 | India | 3.4 | 10 | 3.2 - 3.6 |
| 84 | Panama | 3.4 | 5 | 3.1 - 3.7 |
| 84 | Thailand | 3.4 | 9 | 3.0 - 3.8 |
| 89 | Lesotho | 3.3 | 6 | 2.8 - 3.8 |
| 89 | Malawi | 3.3 | 7 | 2.7 - 3.9 |
| 89 | Mexico | 3.3 | 7 | 3.2 - 3.5 |
| 89 | Moldova | 3.3 | 6 | 2.7 - 4.0 |
| 89 | Morocco | 3.3 | 6 | 2.8 - 3.9 |
| 89 | Rwanda | 3.3 | 4 | 2.9 - 3.7 |
| 95 | Albania | 3.2 | 6 | 3.0 - 3.3 |
| 95 | Vanuatu | 3.2 | 3 | 2.3 - 4.7 |
| 97 | Liberia | 3.1 | 3 | 1.9 - 3.8 |
| 97 | Sri Lanka | 3.1 | 7 | 2.8 - 3.4 |
| 99 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.0 | 7 | 2.6 - 3.4 |
| 99 | Dominican Republic | 3.0 | 5 | 2.9 - 3.2 |
| 99 | Jamaica | 3.0 | 5 | 2.8 - 3.3 |
| 99 | Madagascar | 3.0 | 7 | 2.8 - 3.2 |
| 99 | Senegal | 3.0 | 7 | 2.5 - 3.6 |
| 99 | Tonga | 3.0 | 3 | 2.6 - 3.3 |
| 99 | Zambia | 3.0 | 7 | 2.8 - 3.2 |
| 106 | Argentina | 2.9 | 7 | 2.6 - 3.1 |
| 106 | Benin | 2.9 | 6 | 2.3 - 3.4 |
| 106 | Gabon | 2.9 | 3 | 2.6 - 3.1 |
| 106 | Gambia | 2.9 | 5 | 1.6 - 4.0 |
| 106 | Niger | 2.9 | 5 | 2.7 - 3.0 |
| 111 | Algeria | 2.8 | 6 | 2.5 - 3.1 |
| 111 | Djibouti | 2.8 | 4 | 2.3 - 3.2 |
| 111 | Egypt | 2.8 | 6 | 2.6 - 3.1 |
| 111 | Indonesia | 2.8 | 9 | 2.4 - 3.2 |
| 111 | Kiribati | 2.8 | 3 | 2.3 - 3.3 |
| 111 | Mali | 2.8 | 6 | 2.4 - 3.2 |
| 111 | Sao Tome and Principe | 2.8 | 3 | 2.4 - 3.3 |
| 111 | Solomon Islands | 2.8 | 3 | 2.3 - 3.3 |
| 111 | Togo | 2.8 | 5 | 1.9 - 3.9 |
| 120 | Armenia | 2.7 | 7 | 2.6 - 2.8 |
| 120 | Bolivia | 2.7 | 6 | 2.4 - 3.1 |
| 120 | Ethiopia | 2.7 | 7 | 2.4 - 2.9 |
| 120 | Kazakhstan | 2.7 | 7 | 2.1 - 3.3 |
| 120 | Mongolia | 2.7 | 7 | 2.4 - 3.0 |
| 120 | Vietnam | 2.7 | 9 | 2.4 - 3.1 |
| 126 | Eritrea | 2.6 | 4 | 1.6 - 3.8 |
| 126 | Guyana | 2.6 | 4 | 2.5 - 2.7 |
| 126 | Syria | 2.6 | 5 | 2.2 - 2.9 |
| 126 | Tanzania | 2.6 | 7 | 2.4 - 2.9 |
| 130 | Honduras | 2.5 | 6 | 2.2 - 2.8 |
| 130 | Lebanon | 2.5 | 3 | 1.9 - 3.1 |
| 130 | Libya | 2.5 | 6 | 2.2 - 2.8 |
| 130 | Maldives | 2.5 | 4 | 1.8 - 3.2 |
| 130 | Mauritania | 2.5 | 7 | 2.0 - 3.3 |
| 130 | Mozambique | 2.5 | 7 | 2.3 - 2.8 |
| 130 | Nicaragua | 2.5 | 6 | 2.3 - 2.7 |
| 130 | Nigeria | 2.5 | 7 | 2.2 - 2.7 |
| 130 | Uganda | 2.5 | 7 | 2.1 - 2.8 |
| 139 | Bangladesh | 2.4 | 7 | 2.0 - 2.8 |
| 139 | Belarus | 2.4 | 4 | 2.0 - 2.8 |
| 139 | Pakistan | 2.4 | 7 | 2.1 - 2.7 |
| 139 | Philippines | 2.4 | 9 | 2.1 - 2.7 |
| 143 | Azerbaijan | 2.3 | 7 | 2.0 - 2.6 |
| 143 | Comoros | 2.3 | 3 | 1.6 - 3.3 |
| 143 | Nepal | 2.3 | 6 | 2.0 - 2.6 |
| 146 | Cameroon | 2.2 | 7 | 1.9 - 2.6 |
| 146 | Ecuador | 2.2 | 5 | 2.0 - 2.5 |
| 146 | Kenya | 2.2 | 7 | 1.9 - 2.5 |
| 146 | Russia | 2.2 | 8 | 1.9 - 2.4 |
| 146 | Sierra Leone | 2.2 | 5 | 1.9 - 2.4 |
| 146 | Timor-Leste | 2.2 | 5 | 1.8 - 2.6 |
| 146 | Ukraine | 2.2 | 8 | 2.0 - 2.6 |
| 146 | Zimbabwe | 2.2 | 7 | 1.7 - 2.8 |
| 154 | Côte d´Ivoire | 2.1 | 7 | 1.8 - 2.4 |
| 154 | Papua New Guinea | 2.1 | 5 | 1.7 - 2.5 |
| 154 | Paraguay | 2.1 | 5 | 1.7 - 2.5 |
| 154 | Yemen | 2.1 | 4 | 1.6 - 2.5 |
| 158 | Cambodia | 2.0 | 8 | 1.8 - 2.2 |
| 158 | Central African Republic | 2.0 | 4 | 1.9 - 2.2 |
| 158 | Laos | 2.0 | 4 | 1.6 - 2.6 |
| 158 | Tajikistan | 2.0 | 8 | 1.6 - 2.5 |
| 162 | Angola | 1.9 | 5 | 1.8 - 1.9 |
| 162 | Congo Brazzaville | 1.9 | 5 | 1.6 - 2.1 |
| 162 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1.9 | 5 | 1.7 - 2.1 |
| 162 | Guinea-Bissau | 1.9 | 3 | 1.8 - 2.0 |
| 162 | Kyrgyzstan | 1.9 | 7 | 1.8 - 2.1 |
| 162 | Venezuela | 1.9 | 7 | 1.8 - 2.0 |
| 168 | Burundi | 1.8 | 6 | 1.6 - 2.0 |
| 168 | Equatorial Guinea | 1.8 | 3 | 1.6 - 1.9 |
| 168 | Guinea | 1.8 | 5 | 1.7 - 1.8 |
| 168 | Haiti | 1.8 | 3 | 1.4 - 2.3 |
| 168 | Iran | 1.8 | 3 | 1.7 - 1.9 |
| 168 | Turkmenistan | 1.8 | 4 | 1.7 - 1.9 |
| 174 | Uzbekistan | 1.7 | 6 | 1.5 - 1.8 |
| 175 | Chad | 1.6 | 6 | 1.5 - 1.7 |
| 176 | Iraq | 1.5 | 3 | 1.2 - 1.8 |
| 176 | Sudan | 1.5 | 5 | 1.4 - 1.7 |
| 178 | Myanmar | 1.4 | 3 | 0.9 - 1.8 |
| 179 | Afghanistan | 1.3 | 4 | 1.0 - 1.5 |
| 180 | Somalia | 1.1 | 3 | 0.9 - 1.4 |
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